Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with limited therapeutic options. Current treatments offer only symptomatic relief without halting disease progression. Natural products and their derivatives have garnered increasing interest for neuroprotection. Among them, tigliane diterpenoids, primarily derived from the Euphorbiaceae family, have shown potent biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties. This review examines the therapeutic potential of tigliane derivatives in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, concentrating on their pharmacological effects, molecular mechanisms, and structure-activity relationships. Furthermore, we discuss challenges and prospects of tigliane-based drug development as novel interventions for AD.
